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Gospel

1. Everyone who says that the Gospel is nothing without the sanction of the Church, errs and blasphemes God.

2. The summary of the gospel is that our Lord Christ, true Son of God, has made known to us the will of his Heavenly Father and has redeemed us from death and reconciled us with God by his guiltlessness.

3. Therefore, Christ is the only way to salvation of all who were, are now, or shall be.

4. Whoever seeks or points to another door, errs. Indeed, he is a murderer of the soul and a thief.

5. Therefore, all who regard other teachings equal to or higher than the Gospel, err. They do not know what Gospel is.

“The Sixty-Seven Articles of Huldrych Zwingli (1523)” in Reformed Confessions of the 16th and 17th Centuries in English Translation, compiled with introductions by James T. Dennison, Jr., loc. 20.

Magi in Matthew 2:1-12

From Jesus’ supernatural conception, Matthew turns to the story of the magi. . . . In the OT, faithful Israelites prove superior to foreign magicians (Gen. 41; Exod. 7-10; Dan. 2), but here in Matt. 2 the tables are turned.

“Matthew” by Craig L. Blomberg in Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament, eds. G. K. Beale and D. A. Carson, 5.

Permeated by Old Testament

The Hebrew Scriptures — or Christian Old Testament — permeate Matthew’s Gospel. Approximately fifty-five references prove close enough in wording for commentators typically to label them “quotations,” compared to about sixty-five for the other three canonical Gospels put together. About twenty-three of these texts are unique to Matthew. Twelve times Matthew speaks explicitly of a passage or theme of Scripture being “fulfilled.” In addition to explicit quotations, numerous allusions and echoes of Scripture may be discerned in every part of this Gospel.

“Matthew” by Craig L. Blomberg in Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament, eds. G. K. Beale and D. A. Carson, 1.

Christocentric Soteriology

Reformed soteriology succeeds in remaining Christocentric precisely because it insists on a theocentric causality. Arminian soteriology fails to be Christocentric because it insists upon an anthropocentric causality.

Richard Muller, “Predestination and Christology in Sixteenth-Century Reformed Theology,” (438) quoted in Joel R. Beeke, Debated Issues in Sovereign Predestination: Early Lutheran Predestination, Calvinian Reprobation, and Variations in Genevan Lapsarianism, 106.

Scriptural Categories and Concerns

From Calvin’s perspective, his treatment of reprobation is fully consistent with his principles. Following his pricniple that we should ignore nothing that God has revealed for our use, Calvin discusses and teaches reprobation through metaphysical categories (in distinction from structures) and theocentric concerns precisely because he believes he finds such categories and concerns in Scripture.

Joel R. Beeke, Debated Issues in Sovereign Predestination: Early Lutheran Predestination, Calvinian Reprobation, and Variations in Genevan Lapsarianism, 104.

Variants Presented as Marginalia

The first edition to contain manuscript variations, Stephanus’ of 1550, displayed them in the margin. That is to say, he took the same option as that found in members of Family 1 [i.e., presents alternative readings as marginalia]. The reading in the text and marginal reading are linked by arabic numerals, and the witnesses are distinguished by each receiving a Greek number. . . . Stephanus did not invent the system, which is already found in editions by the Italian humanist Politian at the end of the fifteenth century.

D. C. Parker, An Introduction to the New Testament Manuscripts and Their Texts, 193.

Cannot Be Ignored

It is only since the end of the nineteenth century that the most commonly used editions of the Greek New Testament have had an apparatus. But now that one is customary, the problem cannot be ignored.

D. C. Parker, An Introduction to the New Testament Manuscripts and Their Texts, 192.

Old Problem

The main problem confronting the editor of the New Testament is demonstrably as old as the oldest surviving New Testament documents. The problem is, quite simply, to find the best way of displaying known differences. . . . What is important to recognize is that the modern reader, puzzled by the details of a critical apparatus, is in the same position as the ancient reader of P66 [2nd/3rd century Gospels on papyrus]: one is confronted by variant forms of the text.

D. C. Parker, An Introduction to the New Testament Manuscripts and Their Texts, 191.