The Confession of Faith and Doctrine, embodied in twenty-five articles, states lucidly the evangelical doctrines current among the Reformed Churches abroad, in sharp definition and in contrast with the dogmas then discarded. These twenty-five chapters treat God; Creation of Man; Original Sin; Revelation of the Promise; the Growth of the Church; the Incarnation; the God-Man; Election; Christ’s Mortality; Resurrection Ascension; Faith in the Holy Ghost; Good Works; Works good before God; Perfect Law and Imperfect Man; The Church; Immortality; The Church, true and false; Authority of Scriptures; General Councils; Sacraments; their right administration; their application; Civil Magistrates; Bequests to Church. This Confession is substantially based upon the Calvinistic Confessions and shows traces of the teaching of Calvin and Alasco. . . . Denying the doctrine of transubstantiation and discarding the view of Zwingli as merely memorial significance of the bread and wine, the Confession accepts the teaching of Calvin as to the mystical conjunction of the Redeemer and the believer in the communing act. . . . It approves of obedience to civil magistrates, who are God’s vicegerents, to whom are intrusted the suppression of idolatry and superstition; but it concedes no sovereignty or headship over the Church to any civil ruler or to any single individual.

J. K. Hewison, The Covenanters, Vol. 1, 37-39.