Granville Sharp Rule

The grammar of this last statement [Titus 2:13] clearly demonstrates that Jesus Christ is God. We have what is called the Granville Sharp rule, named after the person who first proposed it. When there are two singular personal nouns that are not proper nouns, and there is one article with the two nouns that are joined by the word “and,” then the two nouns refer to the same entity. We have this construction in verse 13, and thus it is clear that Jesus Christ is identified as God and Savior.

Thomas R. Schreiner, Handbook on Acts and Paul’s Letters, 415.

Not counting the christologically significant passages, there are 80 constructions in the NT that fit the requirements for Sharp’s rule. But do they all fit the semantics of the rule — that is, do the substantives always refer to one and the same person? In a word, yes. Even Sharp’s opponents could not find any exceptions; all had to admit that the rule was valid in the NT

Below are listed several representative passages of Sharp’s rule, including nouns, participles, and adjectives. [Mark 6:3; John 20:17; Acts 3:14; Ephesians 2:14; Philippians 2:25; Hebrews 3:1; 1 Peter 1:3; Revelation 22:8]

For Christologically Significant Texts [Titus 2:13; 2 Peter 1:1]

Daniel B. Wallace, The Basics of New Testament Syntax, 120-122.