What is covenant theology? It hardly seems fair to suggest that something is so important without defining clearly what that thing is. Covenant theology, which sometimes is called federal theology, is the study of God’s eternal, unchanging purpose to bring a people to Himself through covenantal relationship. God has approached His people through covenant and He has worked through covenant to make them His own, and thus covenant theology uses that same covenantal structure to understand both God Himself and the redemption He has accomplished.

STEPHEN G. MYERS, GOD TO US – COVENANT THEOLOGY IN SCRIPTURE, 14.